Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Complete Guide for Parents and Professionals

What is Autism?

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, along with restricted, repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities (DSM-5, APA, 2013).

Social Communication Deficits: Difficulty in reciprocal interaction, eye contact, understanding cues.
Restricted & Repetitive Behaviors: Hand flapping, lining up objects, strict routines.
Sensory Processing Differences: Over/under sensitivity to sound, light, touch, etc.

The "spectrum" reflects a wide range of challenges and strengths, from individuals needing high support to those functioning independently.

Prevalence of Autism

Globally:

WHO (2022): ~1 in 100 children
CDC (2023, USA): 1 in 36 children

India:

ICMR & AIIMS (2018): ~1 in 89 children
Higher diagnosis in urban areas due to awareness
Autism legally recognized under RPWD Act, 2016

Conditions That Mimic or Overlap with Autism

Speech & Language Delay
Intellectual Disability (ID)
ADHD
Sensory Processing Disorder
Selective Mutism
Hearing Impairment

Early Signs & Symptoms (12–24 months)

No babbling or gestures by 12 months
No words by 16 months, no 2-word phrases by 24 months
Poor eye contact or social interest
Repetitive behaviors (rocking, flapping)
Unusual responses to sensory input

Why Early Detection is Critical

Brain plasticity is highest under age 5 (Huttenlocher, 2002)
Improved outcomes in communication & cognition (Dawson et al., 2010)
Enables families to access support early

Assessment & Diagnosis

Tools:

ISAA, CARS-2, ADOS-2
DSM-5 Criteria
Speech, Sensory, Cognitive evaluations

Multidisciplinary Team: Pediatricians, Psychologists, SLPs, OTs

Importance of Early Intervention

Boosts communication, cognition (Lovaas, 1987)
Improves adaptive and social skills
Reduces severity of symptoms

Evidence-Based Therapies Offered at Rehab Buddy

Occupational Therapy (SI, ADL, Reflex Integration)
Speech Therapy (Oro-myofunctional, Language)
ABA Therapy
Special Education (IEP-based)
Clinical Psychology
Parent Coaching, Nutrition Support

What is Virtual Autism?

Refers to autistic-like behaviors due to excessive screen exposure. Term by Dr. Marius Teodor Zamfir. Symptoms improve with therapy and reduced screen time.

Myths & Facts About Autism

Vaccines DO NOT cause autism (CDC, WHO)
Autism is not outgrown but managed
Many individuals have average or above-average IQ
Non-speaking ≠ Non-communicative
Parenting style is NOT a cause

Latest Research

Gut-Brain Axis & behavior connection
Genetic basis (SPARK Study)
Indian research at AIIMS & NIMHANS
Teletherapy & AI tools

Gut Health in Autism

80% have GI issues: constipation, dysbiosis
Gut-brain axis affects neurotransmitters
Diet: GFCF, probiotics/prebiotics help

Heavy Metal Toxicity & Autism

Elevated levels in some children (Adams et al., 2008)
Sources: pollution, poor detox pathways
Safe detox via diet, supplements

Need Help or Screening?

Rehab Buddy offers:

Comprehensive assessments (online/offline)
Personalized therapy plans
Expert multidisciplinary team
App-based tracking & parent coaching

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